Caliper-gage



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

C. E. BILLINGS.

(No Model.)

GALIPER GAGE.

Patented Mar. 27, 1894.

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(No Model.) 2 ASheets-kweet; 2.

C. E. BILLINGS.

GALIPER GAGE.

No. 517,208. Patented Mar. 27, 1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. BILLINGS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

CAL! PER-GAGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 517,208, dated March 2*?, 1 894. Application filed November 3, 1893. Serial No. 489.932. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern/.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. BILLINGS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Caliper-Gages, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the class of calipergages which are usually provided with parallel caliper-jaws and are especially intended for the use of machinists and tool-makers for making accurate measurements; the object being to furnish a caliper-gage of that class in which the principal bar or frame, and also the slide-bar, together with the caliper-jaws on said bars respectively, may be made of sheet-metal suitably cut out and iinished and which shall have improved adjusting and fastening devices for regulating and holding in place the slide-bar.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the specification, Figure 1 is a plan View of a complet-e caliper-gage embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is an edge view of the caliper-gage as seen from above in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 .is a sectional view of the gage, in line 3 3, Fig. 1, showing the parts at the left-hand of said line as seen from a point at the right-hand thereof. Fig. 4 is a plan view, similar to Fig. l, of a caliper-gage having a modification of the slide-bar-adjusting devices. Fig. 5 is a sectional View (similar to l Fig. 3) in line 5 5, Fig. 4, showing the parts l caliper-gage.

at the left-hand of said line as seen from a point at the right-hand thereof. The calipergages shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, are provided with two pairs of caliper-jaws, one for outside and the other for corresponding inside measurement. Fig. 6 is a plan View, similar to Fig. 1, of a caliper-gage corresponding to the one shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, but having certain features omitted. Fig. 7 is a plan View, similar to Fig. 6, of a further modification of the gage. o Fig. Sis a sectional view in line cc, Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a plan View, corresponding in position to Fig. 7, of the frame or principal bar of this modication of the Fig. 10 is a similar plan view of the slide-bar of the caliper-gage shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

In the more complete modification of my improved caliper-gage which is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the frame or principal bar consists of the two side-bars, 3 and 4, respectively, connected at one end by the cross-bar 5, and each having at the other end thereof laterally-projecting jaws or caliper-arms, 6 and 7, respectively, set out of alignment with each other, longitudinally of the implement, by a distance equal to the combined widths of the inside-measurement caliper-arms. The aforesaid caliper-frame, designated in a general way by F, will usually be made from sheetmetal, preferably steel of ,suitable quality, the frame being cut out and finished after the manner usually adopted in the manufacture of this class of machinists tools. Near its working-end, the caliper-frame F is provided with a clamp-and-guide loop, 8, which is furnished with a set-screw, 9, having a knurled head, and whose point bears upon the sidebar 3 of said frame for the purpose of forcing the same inwardly to clamp the slidebar 10 between the two sides, 3 and 4, of the frame. The two side-bars, 3 and 4, of the frame F are set remotely from each other, in the same plane, and have between them a parallel space, or slot, for receiving the slidebar, and are rigidly connected at one end, while at the other end the frame is provided with one or more caliper-jaws. The slide-bar, 10, of the caliper consists of a iat bar whose parallel edges are fitted to slide closely but freely between the side-bars 3 and 4, in the space 12 of the frame. On its projecting end the slide-bar has the oppositely-extending jaws, or gage-arms, 13 and 14, respectively. The depending arm 14 is designated as the inside-measurement arm or jaw, and the upwardly-extending arm 13 asthe outside-measurement arm or jaw. The distance 15, Fig. 1, between the two upwardly-extending jaws, 6 and 13, of the frame and slide-bar respectively, is intended to be exactly equal to the distance 16, Fig. l, outside of the two depending gage-arms, or jaws, 7 and 14, of Vsaid frame and slide-bar respectively. By means of this construction, the caliper-gage is adapted for transferring measurements, the two dimensions 15 and 16 being equal. For instance: the inside-measurement jaws 7 and 14 being set to measure the inside of a cylindrical bore,

the opposite jaws 6 and 13 will at the same time be set for measuring the outside of a cyl- ICO inder which will enter said bore. This construction and arrangement of the two pairs of caliper-jaws is also shown in Figs. 4 and 5, but is omitted from the caliper-gages shown in Figs. 6 to 10, inclusive.

The inner end of the gage-bar is shown provided with a rod, or extension, 17, which, on the end thereof next to the gage-bar itself, is provided with a push-spring, 1S, and on the outer end thereof is threaded for receivingr the adjusting-nut 19. Said gage-bar'rod 17, between said spring and adjusting-nut 19, passes through a clamp-block, or member, 20, which is fitted to slide longitudinally of the caliper-frame and is furnished with means whereby it may be clamped and unclamped to and from said frame. In the modification of this device which is shown in Figs. 1,2 and 3, the clamp-block consists of the stud, having its larger portion fitted to slide in said frame-slot 12, and transversely perforated for the slide-bar rod 17, as will be understood by comparison of Figs. 1 and 3. Said clamp-block 20 is held in place by means of the head 22 thereof bearing against one side of the frame F, and by means of a washer, 23, and a thumbnut, 24, on the threaded projecting end, 25, of said stud or clamp-block. The thumb-nut 24 is shown hollowed ont to form a space for receiving the clamp-spring 26, which acts between said nut and washer, 24 and 23, respectively, to normally clasp the frame F between the washer 23 and head 22, notwithstanding the thumb-nut may be turned back some distance from its tightened position. By this means a moderate pressure is maintained on the frame F for holding the slidebar in position when the aforesaid thumbnut 24 is loosened.

In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the clamp-bar consists of a bar, 20', which is slotted at its ends for receiving the side-bars, 3 and 4, of the frame F, and is perforated at 17, between said slots, for receiving the rod, 17, of the slide-bar. At one end ofthe clampblock 20', the sides of this block project beyoud the frame F and are threaded on the outer sides thereof; as will be understood by comparison of Figs. 4 and 5, to receive the binding-nut 24:', which bears upon the outer edge of the frame-side 3, for binding this sidebar within the slot of the clamp-block and thus holding all the described parts rigidly in position. In this modification of the caliper-gage, the slide-bai' l0, the same as in the gage shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is provided with the resistance-spring 13 and the adjusting nut 19.

The caliper-gage shown in Fig. 6 corresponds in all respects to the one shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, with the exception of the caliper-jaws. This modification has but one pair of jaws, which may be used both for inside and outside measurements.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusively, the slide-bar of the gage is not provided with the rod l0 of the preceding modifications, but has a perforation, 30, Fig. 10, through which passes the stein, 25 of the clamp-bolt 30', (Figs. 7 and 8,) whereby the slide-bar is held in place. Said perforation 30 is elongated, and the stem, 25', of the clamp-bolt is shown fitted on its sides (see Fig. 7) for preventing the bolt from turning in the slide-bar. As in the preceding instance, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the stem 25 is provided with a washer, 23, clampnut, 24, and spring, 26; the frame F of the gage heilig clamped between said washer 23 and the head 22 of said stem. The operation of this device, as a means for normally restraining the free movement of the slide-bar in the frame F, is the same as the operation of the similar holding device described in connection with Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

In the modifications shown in Fig. G and in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, the clamp-and-guide loop 8 is shown fixed on the side-bare of the frame F at the extreme end thereof, one side of said loop coinciding substantially with the outer side ot` the frame-jaw 7', as more clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 7. This is deemed the preferable arrangement, since the bindingscrew 9 is thereby brought to act on the cX- treme end of the opposite sidebar, 3, of the frame, and through this to bind the slide-bar 10 firmly within the frame F at a point adjacent to the frame-jaw 7. As a further irnprovementin this modification, theouter sidebar, 3, of the frame F is cut away at 31, as indicated in Fig. 9, to receive the connected end of the loop 8', so that this loop may not project beyond the frame F on that side thereof, thereby securing a better finish, as indicated in Figs. G, 7 and 8, and also providing a shoulder at 32 for preventing displacement of the loop 8.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In a caliper-gage of the class specified, the combination of the frame consisting of two side-bars set remotely from,and parallel to, each other, and having one or more caliper-jaws at one end thereof", and rigidly connected at the other end thereof', a slide-bar fitted to slide in the space between the sidebars and provided on its projecting end with one or more caliper-jaws, a clamp-device carried by the slide-bar in connection with the inner end thereof and adapted for being clamped to and unclamped from the caliperframe, and means, substantially such as described, for clamping and unclamping the frame to and from the slide-bar at a point adjacent tothe caliper-jaw of the frame, substantially as described.

2. In a calipergage of the class specified, the combination of a frame consisting of two remotely-disposed parallel side-bars joined at one end by a cross-bar and having at the opposite end thereof one or more caliper-jaws extending outwardly crosswise thereto, a slide-bar fitted to slide between the adjacent faces of the side-bars of the frame and hav- IOO ing one or more caliper-jaws at its projecting end in parallelism with the caliper-jaw or jaws of the frame, a detent clamp device carried by the slide-bar at the inner end thereof and adapted to be clamped to and unclamped from the caliper-frame, a guideloop secured to one of the side-bars of the frame adjacent to the caliperjaw, and a clamping device in connection with said guide-loop adapted to bear against one sidebar of the frame and tightly impinge the slide-bar between the side-bars of said frame, substantially as described. f

3. The improved caliper-gage herein described, consisting of a one-piece U-shaped metal frame having one or more caliper-jaws extending outward at the open end thereof, a slide-bar adj ustably secured between adjacent faces of the U-shape frame and having one or more caliper-jaws at its projecting end, means substantially as described for clamping the slide-bar to the frame at its rear or inner end, and means substantially as described for guiding said slide-bar in its movements and clamping it to the frame at a point adjacent to the caliper-jaws of the frame, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The improved caliper-gage herein described, consisting of an oblong U-shaped frame formed of two remotely-disposed parallel side-bars connected at one end, but open at the opposite end thereof, and provided at the open end with one or more caliper-arms or jaws extending outwardly crosswise to, but in alignment with, said frame, a graduated slide-bar interposed and sliding between the adjacent faces of the side bars of the frame and provided with a caliper-arm or jaw at its projecting end and having a screw-threaded rod or extension at its inner end, a U-shaped clamp-block adjustably engaging the slidebar extension and side-bars of the frame, a

clamping-device, substantially as described,y

in connection with and adapted for clamping the clamp-block to the frame, a clam pandguide-loop upon the frame adjacent to the caliper-arm, and an adjusting-nut in engagement with the slide-bar extension and adapted for minutely adjusting said slide-bar longitudinally of the frame, substantially as and for the purpose described. j

5. In a caliper-gage of the class specified, the combination of an oblong U -shaped frame comprising two remotely-disposed parallel side-bars connected at one end but open at the opposite ends and provided at their open ends with a caliper-jaw, a slide-bar fitted to slide between the adjacent faces of the sidebars and having a caliper-jaw at its outer end, and a diametrically-reduced extension at its inner end, a clamp-block adj ustably engaging said extension and the side-walls of the frame and having a screw-threaded projection adapted to be engaged by a thumb-nut, a thumb-nut engaging said projection and adapted for clamping the clamp-block to the frame, a spring interposed between the clampblock and enlarged portion of the slide-bar, an adj Listing-nut engaging the slide-bar extension in the rear of the clamp-block, and a clamp-guide secured to the frame adjacent to the caliper-jaws, all substantially as shown and described and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a caliper-gage, the combination with the U-shaped frame consisting of two remotely-disposed parallel side-bars 3, 4, connected at one end by the cross-bar 5, and having caliper-jaws or -arms at the opposite end thereof, of a slide-bar fitted to slide between adjacent faces of the side-bars and having caliper-jaws or -arms at its outer end, and a clamping-device in engagement with the inner end of the side-bar and constructed for longitudinal adjustment between the sidebars of the frame and consisting of a stud having a head adapted to bear against one side of the frame and having a screw-threaded projection adapted to be engaged by a nut at the opposite side of the frame, a recessed thu mb-nut engaging said screw-threaded proj ection, a washer interposed between said thumb-nut and frame, and a spiral spring interposed between said washer and thumbnut, all constructed substantially as and for the purpose described.

'7. In a caliper-gage of the class specified, the combination of the oblong U -shaped frame consistingof two parallel remotely-disposed side-bars, having at the open ends thereof one or more caliper-arms or jaws, and with a slide-bar fitted and sliding between the adjacent faces of the side-bars and having one or more caliper-jaws or -arms at its outer end, of a clamping-and-guiding device fixed to the frame adjacent to the caliper-jaws, and a clamping-and-adjusting device adj ustably connected to the frame and to the rear or inner Aend of the slide-bar, substantially as shown and described.

8. The improved caliper-gage herein described, consisting of a rectangular orv U- shaped frame formed of two remotely-arranged parallel sidebars connected by a crossbar at one end and open at their opposite ends, Where one or both of which bars may have a caliper-j aw, a slide-bar fitted and sliding between the adjacent faces of the sidebars with its side-face iiush with the outer faces of said side-bars, and having one or more caliper-jaws at its outer end, an adjustable clamping-device, substantially such as described, engaging the rear end of said sidebar and adapted to be clamped to the frame, an adjusting device engaging the rear or inner end of the slide-bar at a point intermediate to the clamping-device and closed end of the frame, and a guide-and-clamping loop ,engaging the frame adjacent to the caliperjaw thereof, all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

CHARLES E. BILLINGS.

Witnesses:

E. H. STocKEN, FRED J. DOLE.

IOO

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